How Your Refund Is Actually Calculated
Your refund (or balance due) comes down to one comparison: how much tax you actually owe for the year, versus how much was already withheld from your pay through PAYG. This calculator also factors in the Low Income Tax Offset, since it directly reduces what you owe for most low-to-middle income earners.
The Low Income Tax Offset (LITO) — Now Included
LITO is a non-refundable offset the ATO applies automatically — worth up to $700 for taxable income up to $37,500, then phasing out in two stages until it disappears entirely at $66,667:
| Taxable Income | LITO Amount |
|---|---|
| Up to $37,500 | $700 (full offset) |
| $37,501 – $45,000 | $700 minus 5c per $1 over $37,500 |
| $45,001 – $66,667 | $325 minus 1.5c per $1 over $45,000 |
| Above $66,667 | $0 |
Combined with the $18,200 tax-free threshold, LITO effectively lets eligible workers earn up to about $22,575 before paying any income tax at all.
An Important Limit: LITO Can't Create a Refund on Its Own
LITO is non-refundable — it can reduce your tax liability down to zero, but it can't push your liability negative or generate cash beyond what you'd otherwise be owed. It also only offsets income tax, not the Medicare Levy — the two are calculated and applied separately.
Worked Example
| Item | Amount |
|---|---|
| Taxable income | $85,000 |
| Income tax (before offsets) | $16,288 |
| LITO (income over $66,667 — nil) | − $0 |
| Medicare Levy (2%) | + $1,700 |
| Total liability | $17,988 |
| Total withheld | $21,000 |
| Estimated refund | ≈ $3,012 |
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Frequently Asked Questions
Doesn't include HECS-HELP repayments, SAPTO (seniors offset), or the Medicare Levy Surcharge. Lodge through myGov or a registered tax agent for your exact outcome.